The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc. The microcontroller board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (6capable of PWM output), 6analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by a USB cable or a barrel connector that accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts, such as a rectangular 9-volt battery. It has the same microcontroller as the Arduino Nano board, and the same headers as the Leonardo board. The hardware reference design is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino website. Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available.
USB connector. USB bus specification has a voltage range of 4.75 to 5.25 volts. The official Uno boards have a USB-B connector, but 3rd party boards may have a miniUSB / microUSB / USB-C connector.
5.5mm/2.1mm barrel jack connector. Official Uno boards support 6 to 20 volts, though 7 to 12 volts is recommended. The maximum voltage for 3rd party Uno boards varies between board manufactures because various voltage regulators are used, each having a different maximum input rating. Power into this connector is routed through a series diode before connecting to VIN to protect against accidental reverse voltage situations.
VIN pin on shield header. It has a similar voltage range of the barrel jack. Since this pin doesn't have reverse voltage protection, power can be injected or pulled from this pin. When supplying power into VIN pin, an external series diode is required in case barrel jack is used. When board is powered by barrel jack, power can be pulled out of this pin