SIMLAW SEEDS SPIDER PLANT (SAGET, SAGA)

Spider plant (Cleome gynandra L) is an indigenous leafy vegetable, which is widely consumed by the majority of the rural and urban population in Kenya. About 90 % of the rural population in Kenya have small parcels of land and rely on indigenous leafy vegetables for relish. Spider plant is ranked second amongst the top four indigenous leafy vegetables consumed as relish 

LOCAL NAMES

Mgagani (Swahili), Thageti (Kikuyu), Tsisaka (Luhya), Alot-dek (Luo), Saget (Kalenjin), Chinsaga (Kisii), Mwianzo (Kamba), Jjobyu (Luganda), Yobyu (Lusoga)

Approximate number of seeds per gram is 700

The Spider Plant (Cleome gynandra), commonly referred to as Saget or Saga in Kenya, is an indigenous leafy vegetable widely consumed by both rural and urban populations. This plant is highly valued for its nutritional benefits and is a staple in many Kenyan households. Known for its slightly bitter taste, the Spider Plant is a versatile addition to a variety of traditional dishes.

Plant Characteristics

Growth Habit: The Spider Plant is an erect, annual herb that can grow up to 1 meter in height. It has a robust stem and broad leaves that are deeply lobed. The plant's upright growth habit makes it easy to manage and harvest.

Foliage: The leaves of the Spider Plant are green and have a slightly bitter taste, which is characteristic of many traditional leafy vegetables. The leaves are rich in nutrients and form an essential part of the plant's appeal.

Flowers: The Spider Plant produces small, white to pinkish flowers that add ornamental value to the plant. The flowers develop into seed pods that contain the seeds for propagation.

Nutritional Benefits

The Spider Plant is highly nutritious and offers several health benefits:

Vitamins: It is rich in beta-carotene, Vitamin C, and Vitamin A. These vitamins are essential for maintaining good vision, a strong immune system, and healthy skin.

Minerals: The plant contains moderate levels of calcium, magnesium, and iron. These minerals are important for bone health, muscle function, and the production of red blood cells.

Proteins and Lipids: The Spider Plant has high levels of crude protein and lipids, making it a valuable addition to the diet. Proteins are necessary for growth and repair of body tissues, while lipids provide a source of energy.

Phenolic Compounds: These compounds have antioxidant properties that help in protecting the body against oxidative stress. Antioxidants can reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer.

Growing Conditions

Climate: The Spider Plant thrives in warm climates with temperatures ranging from 18 to 30°C. It prefers well-drained, loamy soils with a pH of 5.5 to 7.5. The plant is tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions, making it suitable for cultivation in various regions.

Sunlight: It grows well in full sunlight but can tolerate partial shade. Adequate sunlight is essential for the plant to produce high-quality leaves.

Soil Preparation: Clear the land of undesirable plants and debris. Till the soil to a depth of 20 to 30 cm to improve aeration and drainage. Incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into the soil to boost fertility.

Planting

Seeds: The Spider Plant is propagated through seeds, which can be sown directly or started in a nursery bed and transplanted.

Direct Sowing: Sow seeds 1 to 2 cm deep, spaced about 30 cm apart in rows 45 cm apart. This spacing allows the plants to grow without competition for nutrients and sunlight.

Transplanting: If starting in a nursery, transplant seedlings when they are 10 to 15 cm tall. Transplanting should be done carefully to avoid damaging the young plants.

Watering and Fertilization

Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during dry periods. Avoid waterlogging, as it can lead to root rot and other diseases.

Fertilization: Apply organic compost or a balanced fertilizer every four to six weeks to promote healthy growth. Regular fertilization ensures that the plants receive the necessary nutrients for optimal development.

Pest and Disease Management

Common Pests: Aphids, spider mites, and caterpillars can affect the Spider Plant. Use organic pesticides, insecticidal soaps, or neem oil to manage infestations. Regular monitoring and early intervention can help prevent severe damage.

Diseases: Fungal diseases like downy mildew can occur, especially in humid conditions. Ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering to reduce the risk of disease.

Harvesting

Leaves: Leaves can be harvested three to four weeks after planting and continue to be harvested over several weeks. Regular harvesting encourages new growth and ensures a continuous supply of fresh leaves.

Seed Pods: Allow some plants to mature and produce seed pods for seed collection. Harvest the pods when they turn brown and dry.

Culinary Uses

The Spider Plant is a versatile vegetable that can be used in various traditional dishes:

Stews: The leaves can be added to stews for flavor and nutritional value.

Soups: Spider Plant leaves are a common ingredient in soups, providing a slightly bitter taste that complements other flavors.

Salads: Young, tender leaves can be used in salads, adding a unique taste and texture.

Medicinal Properties

The Spider Plant is known for its medicinal properties:

Antioxidants: The phenolic compounds in the plant help protect against oxidative stress and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Anti-inflammatory: The plant has anti-inflammatory properties that can help alleviate symptoms of inflammation.

Digestive Health: The leaves are known to promote digestive health and aid in the relief of gastrointestinal issues.

Market Potential

The Spider Plant has a high market demand due to its nutritional benefits and versatility in culinary applications. It can be used in various dishes, including soups, stews, and salads. The plant's medicinal properties also contribute to its popularity among health-conscious consumers. The leaves are often sold fresh in local markets, providing a source of income for small-scale farmers. Additionally, the seeds can be packaged and sold to other farmers and gardeners.

Conclusion

The Spider Plant (Cleome gynandra) is a highly valued leafy vegetable in Kenya, known for its nutritional benefits, medicinal properties, and versatility in traditional dishes. Its resilience and adaptability to various growing conditions make it an excellent choice for farmers. By incorporating the Spider Plant into your garden or farm, you can enjoy a reliable and nutritious crop that contributes to both food security and income generation.