Books The Black Swan: Second Edition: The Impact of the Highly Improbable: With a new section: "On Robustness and Fragility" by Nassim Nicholas Taleb (Author

The Black Swan: Second Edition by Nassim Nicholas Taleb is a seminal exploration of rare, highly improbable events—termed "Black Swans"—that have massive impact. A Black Swan has three main features: it is unpredictable, it carries extreme consequences, and after it occurs, people concoct explanations that make it seem less random and more predictable. Taleb argues that we are hardwired to focus on what we know and simplify reality, which blinds us to the unknown unknowns that drive these events. Black Swans underlie much of history, from major technological breakthroughs to catastrophic disasters like 9/11.